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Three Liberal Theories of Justice
Macháček, Jiří ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Váňa, Tomáš (referee)
The mail goal of this thesis is to introduce the modern theory of liberal justice with a focus on distributive justice. In addition, the author addresses the issue of value neutrality in the liberal state and the concept of equality in liberal theory. The author presents the concept of "justice as fairness" described by liberal political philosopher John Rawls. Afterwards his concept is subjected to criticism of other contemporary liberal philosophers Robert Nozick and Ronald Dworkin. The author briefly looks into coherence between mentioned philosophers and earlier representatives of liberal theory, as well as their non-liberal critics. The first chapter contains a list of thinkers and their contributions to the issue of justice and the social contract theory. The following three chapters concerns the interpretation of the concepts of three mentioned authors using critical analysis of their publications. In the fifth chapter are described concepts of thinkers who critically respond to Rawl's theory of justice generally reffered to as communitarians, including the conception of Jürgen Habermas. In the sixth chapter the author summarizes the main theoretical background and arguments of discussed liberal philosophers. Finally the thesis is concluded by their comparison and summary of key facts and...
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Human rights and equality
Kalous, Jiří ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
Problem of the conception of good in John Rawls's theory of justice Řešitel: Jiří Kalous Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Jirsa, Ph.D. Abstract A Theory of Justice written by John Rawls is one of the most influential books concerning distributive justice which were written in political philosophy during the twentieth century and as such it has raised a lot of critical reactions since its publication. Conception of the good held by Rawls, which is crucial for accepting the whole theory of justice as fairness, has a prominent postition among disputable places of the theory. Thomas Nagel was one of the philosophers who pointed out this possible controversy. This thesis critically evaluates Nagel's argumentation and examines degree of its relevancy.
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Three Liberal Theories of Justice
Macháček, Jiří ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Váňa, Tomáš (referee)
The mail goal of this thesis is to introduce the modern theory of liberal justice with a focus on distributive justice. In addition, the author addresses the issue of value neutrality in the liberal state and the concept of equality in liberal theory. The author presents the concept of "justice as fairness" described by liberal political philosopher John Rawls. Afterwards his concept is subjected to criticism of other contemporary liberal philosophers Robert Nozick and Ronald Dworkin. The author briefly looks into coherence between mentioned philosophers and earlier representatives of liberal theory, as well as their non-liberal critics. The first chapter contains a list of thinkers and their contributions to the issue of justice and the social contract theory. The following three chapters concerns the interpretation of the concepts of three mentioned authors using critical analysis of their publications. In the fifth chapter are described concepts of thinkers who critically respond to Rawl's theory of justice generally reffered to as communitarians. In the sixth chapter the author summarizes the main theoretical background and arguments of discussed liberal philosophers. Finally the thesis is concluded by their comparison and summary of key facts and features.
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The economic role of the state in globalized economy
Juřík, Richard ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Seknička, Pavel (referee)
in English This diploma thesis encompasses the idea of the economic role of a state in relation to trends of globalization applying political science, political economy and economic geography. The idea goes on by progressively defined conceptions of societal institutions - the concept of a state and political nation on basis of the social contract, the conception of the fair society on basis of the work called Justice as Fairness by John Rawls, conception of globalization in terms of its trends in the area of changing division of work and rising income inequality, and conception of the character of changing roles of a state in relation to globalization and economy. Reference state is a small, internationaly opened, democratic and developed society, which holds western values and norms. It is assumed that in such society individuals pursue their own happiness as a notion of good life. In this aspect Justice as Fairness theory was chosen as a framework for society of equal citizens where economic transactions are considered fair and everybody is given the chance to pursue their own vision of their lives and such state of society shall remain preserved in time. Two main economic roles of a state are concluded by the analysis of consequences of chosen trends of globalization in relation to the...
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Paradigma of Democracy in 20th Century
Moláček, Martin ; Müller, Ivan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "Paradigma of Democracy in 20th. century" dissert upon modern theory of democracy. Thesis try to point differences in interpretation of the democracy conception on the basis of four modern theory democracy, which were interpreted in 20th century. Diploma thesis describe these doctrines: theory of competition democracy by J. A. Schumpeter; theory of pluralistic democracy and theory of polyarchy by R. A. Dahl; theory of justice by J. Rawls. At the close of thesis is short comparative analysis based on the main ideas these four democratic theory. Comparative analysis try to demonstrate main differences in the interpretation of democracy idea. It is necessary to understand, that "democracy" ins't exactly single valued definition, but democracy is wide spectrum of various doctrines. These various doctrines have very often divergencies of opinion about democracy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Justice in International Politics: The International Theory of John Rawls
Křiklán, Jan ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis has an ambition to map the issue of international justice, focusing on the theory of international justice by John Rawls. Consequently, this concept of World Order will be applied to two specific case studies. The first case study will deal with the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the second case study will deal with the Russia-Georgian War. The thesis is structured into two main parts. The first part concerns the very concept of international justice. Basic theoretical approaches to looking at international justice will be described in detail. After a closer description of the basic concepts of international justice, the concept of fair war will be briefly mentioned. Subsequently, John Rawls' political theory will be described, and the final subchapter of the first part will deal with the analysis of the international concept of international justice John Rawls. The second part of this bachelor thesis will focus on two selected modern wars and using principles of fair war I will try to decide whether the given wars were fair. Like every historical phenomenon, everything is subject to different interpretations. This axiom will be respected in this work and, therefore, space will be given for various interpretations of these two subsequent wars. There will be room for...
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Justice in International Politics: The International Theory of John Rawls
Křiklán, Jan ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis has an ambition to map the issue of international justice, focusing on the theory of international justice by John Rawls. Consequently, this concept of World Order will be applied to two specific case studies. The first case study will deal with the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the second case study will deal with the Russia-Georgian War. The thesis is structured into two main parts. The first part concerns the very concept of international justice. Basic theoretical approaches to looking at international justice will be described in detail. After a closer description of the basic concepts of international justice, the concept of fair war will be briefly mentioned. Subsequently, John Rawls' political philosophy will be described, and the final subchapter of the first part will deal with the analysis of the international concept of international justice John Rawls. The second part of this bachelor thesis will focus on two selected modern wars and using principles of fair war I will try to decide whether the given wars were fair. Like every historical phenomenon, everything is subject to different interpretations. This axiom will be respected in this work and, therefore, space will be given for various interpretations of these two subsequent wars. There will be room for...
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Liberalism and its justification in contemporary political philosophy
Cíbik, Matej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee) ; Moural, Josef (referee)
This thesis attempts to answer one basic question: what we can philosophically say to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society. It is divided into three parts. In the first one, I critically survey two popular answers to this question, employing the concepts of self- ownership and value pluralism respectively. I argue that both of them are inadequate and unsatisfactory, mostly because they operate with a conception of person that is too thin for the justificatory task. In the second part, I develop an interpretation of John Rawls and the conception of person he uses. I argue that this conception is crucial with regards to his answer to my question, yet that he provides only a limited and in the final analysis unpersuasive justification for it. The third part tries to remedy the deficiencies of Rawlsian liberalism by providing a better argumentative support for his conception of person and developing from it two arguments aiming to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society Key words Liberalism - John Rawls - Pluralism - Conception of person
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Human rights and equality
Kalous, Jiří ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
Problem of the conception of good in John Rawls's theory of justice Řešitel: Jiří Kalous Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Jirsa, Ph.D. Abstract A Theory of Justice written by John Rawls is one of the most influential books concerning distributive justice which were written in political philosophy during the twentieth century and as such it has raised a lot of critical reactions since its publication. Conception of the good held by Rawls, which is crucial for accepting the whole theory of justice as fairness, has a prominent postition among disputable places of the theory. Thomas Nagel was one of the philosophers who pointed out this possible controversy. This thesis critically evaluates Nagel's argumentation and examines degree of its relevancy.
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The relation between the individual and the society in Rawls' work
Vlčanová, Kateřina ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is to answer the following question: How does the relationship between the individual and society change in Rawls' work? Does the link between the individual and society strengthen, weaken or change in another way? The author discusses other questions, too, namely the specifics of Rawls' theory and his liberalism as well as the criticism of Rawls. The author focuses on two crucial texts - The Theory of Justice, Rawls' debut book, and Political Liberalism. In order to answer these questions, the author first analyses The Theory of Justice and the relationship between the invidual and society in this work, and then places this relationship within the context of a philosophical debate, which stems from the criticism of the work. It is liberals and communitarians who engage in this debate. The author also mentions Robert Nozick, a representative of libertarians, and his critique. Liberals (Rawls) hold the view that one's identity is more significant than society, and thus advocate the individualistic image of the universal man who has appropriate rigths. Communitarians, on the other hand (MacIntyre, Sandel, Taylor, Walzer), advocate the image of a person whose identity is apriori derived from the society that the person belongs to. Hence, communitarians strive for the good...
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